A gerund is a word that looks like a verb, but functions as a noun in the sentence. Gerunds are formed by using the -ING form of the verb – reading, swimming, studying, etc. – but when it comes to grammar, they act as nouns.
Here are some common ways to use gerunds in English:
AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE:
Swimming is a great workout.
Reading books can help you learn new vocabulary.
Eating junk food can cause weight gain.
AS THE OBJECT OF THE VERB “TO BE”:
My favorite activity is hiking.
One of your duties is taking notes in meetings.
His biggest mistake was trusting the salesperson.
AFTER POSSESSIVES:
He doesn’t enjoy my singing.
Her cooking is simple but tasty.
The baby’s crying woke me up.
AFTER PREPOSITIONS:
They left without saying goodbye.
I went to the gym after finishing my work.
You can improve your English by taking a course.
This knife is great for chopping vegetables.
AFTER SOME PHRASAL VERBS:
I put off starting the project until the last minute. (put off = delayed)
She keeps on bothering me when I’m trying to concentrate. (keeps on = continues, does repeatedly)
We ended up cancelling the picnic due to bad weather. (ended up = finally took the action)
I look forward to meeting you next week. (look forward to = anticipate, be excited about)